Art Nouveau Essay The Metropolitan Museum of Art Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
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Beardsley’s highly embellished works show that Art Nouveau and Japonism prints have much in common. The Art Nouveau period was crucial in bridging the gap between the fine and practical arts, but it’s uncertain if that gap has ever been totally overcome. A number of Art Nouveau designers considered that previous designs were excessively ornamental to avoid what they viewed as unnecessary embellishment.
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On the European continent, Art Nouveau was influenced by experiments with expressive line by the painters Paul Gauguin and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. The movement was also partly inspired by a vogue for the linear patterns of Japanese prints (ukiyo-e). In many areas across Europe, local stone such as yellow limestone or a rocky, random-coursed rural aesthetic with wood trim characterized Art Nouveau residential architecture. And in several cases, a sculptural white stucco skin was used, particularly on Art Nouveau buildings used for exhibitions, such as the pavilions of the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1900 and Secession Building in Vienna.
Art Nouveau Architecture
Because of the feminine themes depicted throughout this movement, female figures are also commonly seen in art nouveau. The Art Nouveau movement started in 1890 with the purpose of updating the design and rejecting previously established classic and historical forms. Curves, asymmetrical shapes, and vibrant colors were among the movement’s other recurring themes. In addition to ornamental art, painting, architecture, and even commercials, the Art Nouveau style appears in a variety of media.
Architecture
By the early 1930s, an updated Art Deco called Streamline Moderne (or Art Moderne) took hold in America, simplifying designs and, in architecture, focusing on one story structures to better service more common building needs like gas stations and diners. By World War II, Art Deco and Art Nouveau had fallen out of favor and were largely replaced by Modernism. Austrian painter Gustav Klimt adopted his abstract patterning, indicative of winding plants, as backgrounds for figurative paintings. Illustrator Aubrey Beardsley brought Art Nouveau to book design, illustrating Sir Thomas Mallory’s La Mort d’Arthur and serving as art editor of the popular Yellow Book magazine in England. Art Nouveau may be traced back to the Arts and Crafts group, which was a reaction against the 19th century’s academic art forms.
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In this poster by Franz von Stuck, Pallas Athena – the goddess of wisdom and the tutelary goddess of the arts – is presented with severe elegance. With his reductive, lucid style, he distances himself from the conservative advertising posters of the Wilhelminian era. The Greek divinity was a much-favored motif among avant-garde artist’s groups, among them the Munich and Vienna Secessions. While the minimal lines of modernism or the geometric symmetry of Art Deco hold a lot of appeal for designers today, many illustrators and designers are choosing to revisit the more organic style of Art Nouveau. Perhaps, in line with the current trend for maximalism in design, the Art Nouveau style suddenly feels fresher and more relevant for now.
This led them to feel that an object’s purpose, instead of the other way around, should affect its form. Alphonse Mucha was an Art Nouveau furniture designer who experimented with theatre sets and jewelry, and he is most recognized for his commercial posters and advertisements. His focus was on females, especially the concept of the “new woman,” which praised female sexuality while also praising the independent and active members of society.
After the Art Nouveau Period
This townhouse was created for one of his Université Libre de Bruxelles colleagues. It perfectly blends natural and industrial motifs, and the building’s renowned stair hall can be seen from the outside. The balconies of Casa Mila depict abstractions of leaves and blades of grass, while the benches in Parc Güell are supposed to line with the human spine. Gaudí was identified as an Art Nouveau member by his imagination, which set him apart from other styles of the time.
Beardsley had a brief career cut short by disease, but his impact on the evolution of the Art Nouveau and poster styles was profound. Beardsley’s art was extensively disseminated and replicated because of the block printing technique he developed. Beardsley rose to prominence as the most important draftsman of his day because of the sinister beauty of his work and its pervasive presence in English publishing companies. Art Nouveau depicts flowers and other natural forms using organic curves and asymmetry, as well as straight lines that bend gracefully and elegantly.
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The centerpiece consists of a columned market space supporting an open plaza bounded by a serpentine bench covered with a conglomerate of discarded ceramic tiles, called trencadís, a hallmark of Catalan craftsmanship. The market is connected to the Parc's entrance by a grand staircase with a tiled fountain sporting the face of a dragon and the striped Catalan flag. There, the gatehouse and concierge's residence consist of rocky lodges crowned by irregular, conical spires, appearing to be crafted out of gingerbread. When Hector Guimard was commissioned to design these famous subway station entrances, Paris was only the second city in the world (after London) to have constructed an underground railway.
The Budapest Museum of Applied Arts, designed by Ödön Lechner, demonstrates how the Hungarian “national” branch of Art Nouveau, called the Hungarian Secession due to its location to Vienna, was more of a fusion of previous forms than a quest for new ones. It may also serve as an example of how passionate usage of the style’s formal vocabulary may lead to critique. Beardsley’s work demonstrates the influence of Japanese prints on Art Nouveau through its flattened portrayal of form. This image may also be viewed as a depiction of the modern Aesthetic movement, demonstrating how Art Nouveau was inspired by many historical eras and genres. Art Nouveau was recognized as an important stride toward modernism in architecture and art from the start. It is now seen as a reflection of the manner, atmosphere, and intellectual thought of a specific historical time centered around 1900.
Many publications started to adopt the book cover designs produced by Art Nouveau, and it’s still common to see these designs today. Defined by their floral borders, ornamental patterns, and stylized layout, working in harmony with the flat illustrations, made for spectacular book covers that seemed more enticing than the book itself. The illustrations that came forth mainly focused on women and femininity and were decorative in nature – as can be seen from their stylized imagery and floral patterns. Also, being highly influenced by Japonism, the illustrators gauged inspiration from the Japanese style of flat design. Another reason for the development of Art Nouveau was rooted in its opposition to historicism and academic art.
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